Warning: this episode contains descriptions of war and trauma.

One year ago, Israel suffered the worst terrorist attack in its history. The conflict that followed has become bigger and deadlier by the day, killing tens of thousands of people and expanding from Gaza to Yemen, Lebanon and now Iran.

Today, we return to two men in Israel and Gaza, to hear how their lives have changed.

Guests: Golan Abitbul, a resident of Kibbutz Be’eri, in southern Israel; and Hussein Owda, who was among more than a million people sheltering in Rafah.

Background reading: 

• How Oct. 7 sparked a year of conflict (https://www.nytimes.com/2024/10/07/world/middleeast/israel-gaza-oct-7-year-of-war.html) .
• Listen to the first interview with Golan (https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/13/podcasts/the-daily/israel-hamas-kibbutz.html) .
• Listen to the first interview with Hussein (https://www.nytimes.com/2024/02/20/podcasts/the-daily/rafah-israel-gaza.html) .

For more information on today’s episode, visit nytimes.com/thedaily (http://nytimes.com/thedaily?smid=pc-thedaily) . Transcripts of each episode will be made available by the next workday.

Soon, you’ll need a subscription to keep full access to this show, and to other New York Times podcasts, on Apple Podcasts and Spotify. Don’t miss out on exploring all of our shows, featuring everything from politics to pop culture. Subscribe today at nytimes.com/podcasts (http://nytimes.com/podcasts) .